Toothpaste does not use sodium phosphate, but often uses sodium monofluorophosphate as an effective substance for preventing cavities, whitening, and strengthening teeth.

To know Sodium Monofluorophophate, please check bellow botton
Introduction of sodium phosphate:
The chemical formula for sodium phosphate is Na3PO4. It is also called as trisodium phosphate.
It is easily vaporized and weathered in dry air to produce sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium bicarbonate. So, its aqueous solution is strongly alkaline and would not be used as an ingredient in toothpaste.
In water, it decomposes almost completely into disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide. Because of this property, it is mainly used in the electroplating industry for the formulation of surface treatment degreasing solutions and alkaline detergents for unpolished parts. In synthetic detergent formulations, it is only used in strong alkaline detergent formulations, such as automotive cleaners, floor cleaners, and metal cleaners, due to its high alkalinity.
So, the trisodium phosphate uses are very different with sodium monofluorophosphate. And it is not used in the toothpaste.